Merrigan et al. (2010) reported comparable results among MSM in three states in Nigeria 52. Another study that is recent Nigeria among MSM whom involved in transactional intercourse, revealed that MSM aged 25 years and above had been four times very likely to be HIV good compared to those aged 15–19 years 53. Nevertheless, our findings are contrary to those reported by Beyrer et al. (2012) and (2016) which indicated that younger MSM had higher burden of HIV 1, 54. A plausible description for the choosing is the fact that the older MSM have experienced extended experience of HIV through greater quantity of intimate lovers, participating in transactional intercourse and greater experience of unprotected anal intercourse. Moreover, MSM sampled this year and 2014 had been very likely to be HIV good in comparison to those in 2007 and also this further supports our argument that the exposure that is prolonged higher danger behaviours will be the reason for higher HIV prevalence among older MSM. Younger MSM aged 16–19 years will likely nevertheless have parental help and hence, there’s less socioeconomic stress to engage in risky intimate methods such as for instance transactional intercourse. In addition, their intimate systems revolve around their peers in place of intergenerational intimate lovers and also this limits their contact with older HIV contaminated MSM.
There is a significant upsurge in the proportion of MSM whom reported sex with feminine lovers between 2007 and 2014. This is really a prospective bridge between MSM and also the basic populace and so merits conversation due to the fact gains in reduced amount of HIV prevalence one of the basic populace can be eroded by bisexual sexual intercourse among MSM. The rise in bisexuality may mirror the hostility that is increasing stigma and criminalization of MSM in Nigeria. Schwartz et al. (2015) evaluated the instant outcomes of the marriage that is same-sex work in Nigeria and reported a statistically significant boost in percentage of MSM that has female lovers following the legislation had been passed away in comparison to the pre-law period 13. This coping procedure towards the stigma that is high criminalization of MSM could also adversely affect their usage of key populace friendly clinics because they continue steadily to conceal their identification also to medical care employees.
Some limitations are had by this study. The lack of a study that is prospective as well as the utilization of cross-sectional studies from unmatched cohort limitations the energy of our research and so calls for caution when you look at the interpretation associated with the data. There could be dependence that is potential information from various rounds of IBBSS which could overestimate HIV prevalence if an important wide range of positives from past rounds had been recruited into subsequent rounds or an underestimation of HIV prevalence is an important wide range of HIV negative MSM were targeted and recruited in subsequent rounds. Future studies will include an adjustable to assist recognize those in past rounds and their HIV status at that round allowing a far more robust estimation of HIV among MSM. Information on HIV prevention programs and therapy protection within the study states had not been available and so could never be taken into account inside our research to individually assess the effects among these programs into the research https://bridesfinder.net/russian-bride/ outcome. In addition, information on therapy protection may help give an explanation for increase that is observed therapy protection ended up being evaluated become low. Another limitation is the fact that of social desirability bias on intimate danger behaviours as information were self-reported, but the greater boost in constant condom usage during transactional intercourse when compared with non-transactional is related to that seen among female intercourse employees 54 and shows that risks behaviors captured in these scholarly studies was under-reported because of the enhance of STIs and HIV observed. Moreover, studies on biological validation of non-safe sex among feminine intercourse employees have indicated over-reporting that is significant of sex 55 and future studies must look into biological validation of protected intercourse among MSM to raised characterize risk behaviours medication usage especially utilization of methamphetamine 1 happens to be related to HIV among MSM, nevertheless, there was clearly no information on drug usage among MSM in every three rounds associated with the study. Further research is needed to figure out the relationship of medication usage and HIV among MSM in Nigeria. Finally, only a few customers chosen an HIV make sure the percentage of refusal ranged from 10 to 16per cent. Even though the status of the whom rejected an HIV test is not assumed, individuals who declined to go for an HIV test could have done this as a result of past knowledge of HIV infection and thus prevalence of HIV might have been underestimated when you look at the present research and later biases the noticed trend in HIV prevalence.
Conclusions
In summary, this the study that is first assess the trend of HIV prevalence among MSM in Nigeria so we report a wide range of key findings. Like in other climes, HIV prevalence among MSM in Nigeria is for a progression that is alarming a general enhance of 10% point each year over 7 years. No state is spared, and prevention packages must certanly be holistic and involve the employment of methods utilizing the strongest evidence of greatest effectiveness in preventing HIV transmission; very very early remedy for partners, 2, 56 condoms 32, 57 and oral preexposure prophylaxis 58. Finally, the HIV epidemic among MSM in Nigeria is serious and plainly, is amongst the defining challenges ahead, and possibly probably the most critical space in the nationwide HIV avoidance system to regulate the HIV epidemic in Nigeria.
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