Composite week sampling designs have already been found in past content analysis studies to acquire representative types of tv development (Kunkel et al., 1999, 2001, 2003; Madden & Grube, 1994; Wallack, Grube, Madden, & Breed, 1990; Wilson et al., 1997). This sampling strategy involves arbitrarily picking times of the week or certain time slots for recording over weeks to cut back possible bias that would be introduced if all taping had been done in just a calendar week that is single. Recording of this test took place mainly over a 7-week duration in the fall every year. Because season premiere episodes are staggered through the entire thirty days of September, we started taping as soon as all nonsyndicated show had been showing episodes through the season that is current. Each week, three different times of the week were arbitrarily chosen for taping from all 11 channels, along with 7 days for the week represented 3 times when you look at the test. The 8-hour time block for taping extended from 3:00 p.m. (of which time many youth are away from college) to 11:00 p.m. (through prime- time). The entire process of recapturing missed episodes (like those which is why the satellite sign ended up being lost or even the show was pre-empted by displaying or any other unique events) proceeded through the entire winter season.
Only a few product which was taped had been coded.
As our focus ended up being on scripted development, we excluded day-to-day news broadcasts, game shows, sports programs and occasions, and paid development, in addition to all types of commercials as well as other promotions ( ag e.g., teasers for system programs). Although music videos were taped, these people were coded and analyzed individually because of their unique traits and therefore are perhaps maybe not reported right here. The analyses introduced in this paper, nevertheless, do are the video that is nonmusic from cable music activity channels including talk programs, variety/comedy shows, and truth programs. In addition, implies that had been incomplete simply because they started before 3:00 p.m. or ended after 11:00 p.m. are not coded. Finally, episode repeats had been eradicated through the sample.
The sample that is final the 2001-2002 period contained 1,276 unique system episodes, whereas the last test for the 2002-2003 period included 1,439 unique system episodes. The sample when it comes to 2nd content analysis had been significantly bigger than the initial 12 months’s test once we produced concerted work in 12 months 2 to ensure we had three episodes of every nonsyndicated show. Despite strict adherence into the sampling plan, extra taping had been needed when, for instance, brand new programs joined the autumn lineup following the beginning of the year to replace for cancelled programs or as soon as the time and time slot for a set ended up being changed.
Measures
The codebook for the bigger research ended up being based considerably regarding the factors produced by Kunkel and peers (1999, 2001, 2003) inside their content analyses conducted for the Kaiser Family Foundation. We created extra products, including those on same-sex intimate behavior and sexual talk pertaining to nonheterosexuals. As opposed to Kunkel and peers, whom utilized the scene once the main device of analysis, our content analyses involved coding for intimate content in 2-minute periods of system time. Because scenes differ dramatically in total and, therefore, try not to offer a constant device of measure to make evaluations across programs, we utilized a typical coding device according to time. Coding news development in designated time intervals has been utilized usually by other scientists conducting analyses that are content different system genres including films, detergent operas, and music videos (Hazan, Lipton, & Glantz, 1994; Lowery, 1980; Roberts, Christenson, Henriksen, & Bandy, 2002; Roberts, Henriksen, & Christenson, 1999; Sommers-Flanagan, Sommers-Flanagan, & Davis, 1993; Stockwell & Glantz, 1997; Terre, Drabman, & Speer, 1991).
For purposes with this content analysis, intercourse had been understood to be any depiction of sex, intimately suggestive behavior, or any speak about sex or activity that is sexual. To be conservative and prevent free adult nude chat overcoding content that is sexual messages about intercourse were differentiated from nonsexual communications pertaining to love and relationships, that have been maybe perhaps perhaps not coded. As an example, a declaration such as “Everyone loves my boyfriend” wouldn’t be coded whereas a declaration such as “I made want to my boyfriend” will be coded.